Design: Architects and engineers create detailed blueprints and specifications, considering the building's function, dimensions, and location.

Pre-construction: The project team secures necessary budget approvals, procures bids from contractors, and develops a master schedule.

Site preparation and foundations: The ground is excavated, graded, and compacted. Foundations are then installed to support the structure's load, with options including strip, pad, or pile foundations.

Erection of the superstructure: This involves assembling the main framework of the building using materials like wood, steel, or reinforced concrete.

Enclosure and roofing: Exterior walls (the "building envelope") are constructed, followed by the installation of the roof and cladding to protect the interior from the elements.

Interior fit-out: The building's interior is finished with drywall, paint, flooring, cabinets, and fixtures. Plumbing, electrical, and HVAC systems are also installed.

Commissioning and occupancy: All building systems are tested for functionality. A certificate of occupancy is secured from authorities to confirm compliance with codes.